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docker笔记(一)

Virtualization And Container

主机级虚拟化

Type-I 直接在硬件上做虚拟化;
Type-II 启动系统后，再做虚拟化;
真正能产生生产力的，是应用层面;
系统运行两颗树:进程树和文件系统树;
基于用户层面的隔离(UTS,Mount,IPC,PID,User,Net);
namespaces:名称空间，系统调用，向外输出(clone(),setns());

Linux Namespaces

namespace	系统调用参数	隔离内容	内核版本
UTS	CLONE_NEWUTS	主机名和域名	2.6.19
IPC	CLONE_NEWIPC	信号量、消息队列和共享内存	2.6.19
PID	CLONE_NEWPID	进程编号	2.6.24
Network	CLONE_NEWNET	网络设备、网络栈、端口号等	2.6.29
Mount	CLONE_NEWNS	挂载点(文件系统)	2.4.19
User	CLONE_NEWUSER	用户和用户组	3.8

Control Groups(cGroups)

把系统级的资源分成多个组

lxc-create,template
nmp
machine+swarm+compose
mesos+marathon
kubernetes -> k8s
libcontainer -> runC
Moby, CNCF
docker中的容器
lxc -> libcontainer -> runC
OCI Open Container Initiative
旨在围绕容器式和运行时制定一个开放的式业化标准
the Runtime Specification(runtime-spec)
the Image Specification(image-spec)
runC Open Container Format

https:hub.docker.com

docker 的两个版本
docker-ee
docker-ce
docker architecture
The Docker daemon
The Docker client
Docker registries
yum 中的仓库 repository,repo
docker 中的仓库 repository, repo
镜像名称 nginx:1.10 以此来命令镜像，nginx:1.15 nginx:latest 而镜像的默认版是最新版的
nginx:1.14 nginx:stable 最新稳定版
镜像：静态;
容器：动态，有生命周期，特别类似于程序;
容器常用资源: images, containers, networks, volumes, plugins,

安装及使用docker
依赖的环境
64 bits CPU
Linux Kernel 3.10+
Linux Kernel cgrups and namespace
CentOS 7
“Extras” repository
Docker Daemon
systemctl start docker.service
Docker Client
docker[OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg …]

 #  cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# yum makecache
# yum repolist
# yum remove docker docker-common container-selinux docker-selinux docker-engine
# yum install docker-ce

仓库配置文件: https://dowland.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

Docker组件:

docker程序环境:

 环境配置文件:
    /etc/sysconfig/docker-network
    /etc/sysconfig/docker-storage
    /etc/sysconfig/docker
Unit FIle:
    /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.serivce
Docker Registry配置文件
    /etc/contalners/registries.conf 
docker-ce:
    配置文件:/etc/docker/daemon.json

注册阿里云账号，专用加速器地址获得路径:
https://cr.console.aliyun.com/#/accelerator

Docker镜像加速

     docker cn 
    阿里云加速器 
    中国科技大学
{ 
    "registry-mirrors":["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
}

 # mkdir /etc/docker
# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
    "registry-mirrors":["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
}
# systemctl start docker

查看docker 版本信息

 # docker version
Client:
 Version:           18.06.1-ce
 API version:       1.38
 Go version:        go1.10.3
 Git commit:        e68fc7a
 Built:             Tue Aug 21 17:23:03 2018
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false
 
Server:
 Engine:
  Version:          18.06.1-ce
  API version:      1.38 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.10.3
  Git commit:       e68fc7a
  Built:            Tue Aug 21 17:25:29 2018
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
# docker info

常用操作

 docker search : 搜索镜像
# docker search nginx
docker pull: 下载镜像到本地
# docker pull nginx:1.14-alpine-perl
# docker pull busybox:latest
# docker image pull nginx:1.14-alpine-perl
# docker 
docker images: 列出本地镜像 
# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               1.14-alpine-perl    a47b6006585d        2 weeks ago         51.6MB
busybox             latest              e1ddd7948a1c        8 weeks ago         1.16MB
# docker image rm a47b6006585d  # 删除镜像
# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox             latest              e1ddd7948a1c        8 weeks ago         1.16MB
# docker image ls --no-trunc # 列出完整image id信息
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID                                                                  CREATED             SIZE
nginx               1.14-alpine-perl    sha256:a47b6006585d03b999ee55c6eec4331430fb2bcddb5ce8f76f294cc997482ca2   2 weeks ago         51.6MB
busybox             latest              sha256:e1ddd7948a1c31709a23cc5b7dfe96e55fc364f90e1cebcde0773a1b5a30dcda   8 weeks ago         1.16MB
# docker container ls # 列出所有容器
# docker ps: 列出所有容器
# docker images: 列出所有镜像
# docker create: 创建新的container
# docker start: Start one or more stopped contaners
# docker run: Run a command in a new container
# docker attacth: Attach to a running container
# docker ps: List containers

apline: 能够能程序提供基础环境，但是体积非常小，所以在生产环境中不建议使用apline版;
busybox: 能够用一个busybox实现linux系统的多个命令，当链接busybox为ls 时，它可以执行ls命令;
链接成pwd时，可以实现pwd命令。kernel+busybox可以实现一个微linux系统;
所畏的android系统也是linux+busybox+jvm所运行的系统;

容器使用

 # docker run --name b2 -it busybox:latest
/ #
# docker run --name b1 -it busybox:latest
/ # mkdir /data/www -p
/ # vi /data/www/index.html
<h1>www.ssjinyao.com</h1>
/ # httpd -f -h /data/www/
# docker inspect b1 # 查看 docker 容器的启动信息 
# 在另一个终端中访问  curl 172.17.0.2
<h1>www.ssjinyao.com</h1>

docker 再启动

 # docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
57c80d23f0e5        busybox:latest      "sh"                6 minutes ago       Exited (130) 4 minutes ago                       b1
# docker container start -i -a b1

docker 容器终止

 # docker kill b1
# docker stop b1

docker 启动nginx镜像

 # docker run --name web1 -d nginx:1.14-alpine-perl 
# docker inspect web1
# [root@ssjinyao-node1:~]# curl 172.17.0.2
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
 
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
 
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

注: 一个容器就是为了运行一个程序，如果程序跑后台运行，那么容器认为程序终止了。
因为，如果程序在容器运行在后台，那么程序一启动，容器就会终止。
直接搜索下载镜像并运行

 # docker run --name kvstor1 -d redis:4-alpine

绕过容器的边界，交互式接入进去

 # docker exec -it  kvstor1 /bin/sh
/data # ps
PID   USER     TIME  COMMAND
    1 redis     0:00 redis-server
   12 root      0:00 /bin/sh
   16 root      0:00 ps

查看docker启动容器后的日志信息

 # docker logs web1

docker event state

Docker 镜像的使用与管理

Docker:码头工人
一般我们部署应用程序时，我们都是散装的。而docker可以进行集装的;

Docker 镜像含有启动容器所需要的文件系统及其内容，因此，其用于创建并启动docker容器

 采用分层构建机制，最底层为bootfs,其之为rootfs  
    bootfs: 用于系统引导的文件系统，包括bootloader和kernel，
        容器启动完成后会被卸载以节约内在资源 
    rootfs: 位于bootfs之上，表现为docker容器的根文件系统:
        传统模式中，系统启动之时，内核挂载rootfs时会首先将其挂载为"只读"模式,
        完整性自检后将其重新挂载为读写模式;
        docker中,rootfs由内核挂载为"只读"模式，而后通过"联合挂载"技术额外提供一个可写层;

Aufs: advnaced multi-layered unification filesystem: 高级多层统一文件系统
CentOS 为求稳定，不整合此文件系统
overlayfs 从3.18版本开始被合并到Linux内核;

 # docker info # 可以看出前端用的文件系统是overlay2，而后端用的是xfs 
 Storage Driver: overlay2
 Backing Filesystem: xfs

Docker Registry

启动容器时，docker daemon 会试图从本地获取镜像; 本地镜像不存在时将Registry 中的镜像下载保存到本地;

Docker Registry 分类
Registry用于保存docker镜像，包括镜像的层次结构和元数据;
用户可自建Registry，也可以用官方的Docker Hub

分类
Sponsor Registry: 第三方的registry, 供客户和Docker社区使用
Mirror Registry: 第三方的registry,只让客户使用
Vendor Registry: 由发布Docker镜像的供应商提供的registry
Private Rgeistry: 通过设有防火墙和客外的安全层的私有实体提供的registry

Repository

 由某特定的docker镜像的所有迭代版本组成的镜像仓库
一个Registry中可能存在多个Repository
    Repository 可分为"顶层仓库" 和 "用户仓库"
    用户仓库名称格式为"用户名/仓库名"
每个仓库可以包含多个Tag(标签)，每个标签对应一个镜像

Index

 维护用户帐户、镜像的校验以及公共命名空间的信息; 
相当于为Registry提    相当于为Registry提供了一个完成用户认证等功能

Docker Registry中的镜像通常由开发人员制作，而后推送至”公共”或”私有”Registry上保存;
供其他人员使用，例如”部署”到生产环境;

 # docker pull registry>[:<prot>]/[<namespace>/]<name>:<tag>

quay.io 也可以下载多种镜像

 # docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64 #指定站点pull镜像

镜像制作

镜像的生成途径
Dockerfile
基于容器制作
Docker Hub automated builds

Namespace	Example(/)
organization	redhat/kubernets
login(user name)	alice/application, bob/application
role	devel/database, test/database, prod/database

 # docker container run --name busybox1 -it busybox
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
/ #
/ #
/ # mkdir  -p /data/html
/ # echo "<h1>www.ssjinyao.com</h1>" > /data/html/index.html

暂时不关闭容器，再打开一个终端来制作镜像

 # docker commit -p busybox1
# docker image ls
REPOSITORY               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
<none>                   <none>              d5ab408117c0        8 seconds ago       1.16MB
redis                    4-alpine            db23f46600bc        2 weeks ago         30MB
nginx                    1.14-alpine-perl    a47b6006585d        2 weeks ago         51.6MB
busybox                  latest              e1ddd7948a1c        2 months ago        1.16MB
quay.io/coreos/flannel   v0.10.0-amd64       f0fad859c909        8 months ago        44.6MB
# 再给标签打标签
# docker tag d5ab408117c0 ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1-1
# docker image ls
REPOSITORY               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED              SIZE
ssjinyao/httpd           v0.1.1-1            d5ab408117c0        About a minute ago   1.16MB
redis                    4-alpine            db23f46600bc        2 weeks ago          30MB
nginx                    1.14-alpine-perl    a47b6006585d        2 weeks ago          51.6MB
busybox                  latest              e1ddd7948a1c        2 months ago         1.16MB
quay.io/coreos/flannel   v0.10.0-amd64       f0fad859c909        8 months ago         44.6MB
# docker tag ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1-1 ssjinyao/httpd:latest
# docker image ls
REPOSITORY               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ssjinyao/httpd           latest              d5ab408117c0        3 minutes ago       1.16MB
ssjinyao/httpd           v0.1.1-1            d5ab408117c0        3 minutes ago       1.16MB

一个IMAGE ID 对应多个Tag时，删除 Tag 不会删除镜像，而像软链一下，删除链接

 # docker image rm ssjinyao/httpd:latest
Untagged: ssjinyao/httpd:latest
# docker image ls
REPOSITORY               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ssjinyao/httpd           v0.1.1-1            d5ab408117c0        5 minutes ago       1.16MB
redis                    4-alpine            db23f46600bc        2 weeks ago         30MB
nginx                    1.14-alpine-perl    a47b6006585d        2 weeks ago         51.6MB
busybox                  latest              e1ddd7948a1c        2 months ago        1.16MB
quay.io/coreos/flannel   v0.10.0-amd64       f0fad859c909        8 months ago        44.6MB
# docker tag ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1-1 ssjinyao/httpd:latest
# docker images
REPOSITORY               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ssjinyao/httpd           latest              d5ab408117c0        6 minutes ago       1.16MB
ssjinyao/httpd           v0.1.1-1            d5ab408117c0        6 minutes ago       1.16MB
redis                    4-alpine            db23f46600bc        2 weeks ago         30MB
nginx                    1.14-alpine-perl    a47b6006585d        2 weeks ago         51.6MB
busybox                  latest              e1ddd7948a1c        2 months ago        1.16MB
quay.io/coreos/flannel   v0.10.0-amd64       f0fad859c909        8 months ago        44.6MB

制作镜像加入Command指令

 # docker commit -a "ssjinyao" -c 'CMD ["/bin/httpd", "-f", "-h","/data/html"]' -p busybox1 ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-2
# docker image ls
REPOSITORY               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ssjinyao/httpd           v0.1.1.1-2          0ec8103a1bb2        53 seconds ago      1.16MB
# docker run --name busybox2 ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-2 # 肯据创建的镜像启动容器
 
# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                       COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
27403687efa0        ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-2   "/bin/httpd -f -h /d…"   30 seconds ago      Up 29 seconds                           busybox2
6373ae374a7a        redis:4-alpine              "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 days ago          Up 4 days           6379/tcp            kvstor1
a5ffdd373b90        nginx:1.14-alpine-perl      "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   4 days ago          Up 4 days           80/tcp              web1
# docker inspect # 查看容器信息
# curl  172.17.0.4
<h1>www.ssjinyao.com</h1>

在 docker hub 建立帐号，并创建REPOSITORY

 # docker login -u ssjinyao
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
 
Login Succeeded

往 hub.docker.com 上面推镜像

 # docker push ssjinyao/httpd

可以看到，上传的镜像

国内比较常用的镜像地址
在阿里云docker 镜像站点中创建REPOSITORY
上传本地的镜像

 # docker tag ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-2 registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/ssjinyao/httpd
# docker logout
Removing login credentials for https://index.docker.io/v1/
 
# docker login --username=ssjinyao registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
 
Login Succeeded
# docker push registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/ssjinyao/httpd

docker 镜像的导入和导出

 # docker save -o ssjinyao-busybox-image.gz ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-3 ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-2
# 将镜像复制到另一台服务器
# scp ssjinyao-busybox-image.gz root@node2:/root/
ssjinyao-busybox-image.gz                                                  100% 1370KB  23.8MB/s   00:00

在另一台服务器上导入镜像

 # docker load -i ssjinyao-busybox-image.gz
f9d9e4e6e2f0: Loading layer  1.378MB/1.378MB
e6baf59e35e7: Loading layer  4.608kB/4.608kB
# docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ssjinyao/httpd      v0.1.1.1-3          cfa66f44c384        About an hour ago   1.16MB
ssjinyao/httpd      v0.1.1.1-2          3dc1b07020fd        About an hour ago   1.16MB
# docker run --name busybox  ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-2
# 再开启一个终端
# # docker inspect busybox | grep "IPAddress"
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
# curl  172.17.0.2
<h1>www.ssjinyao.com</h1>

虚拟化网络管理

6种名称空间: UTS, User, Mount, IPC, Pid, Net;
Linux 内核支持二层和三层设备的模拟;
OVS: Open VSwitch;

 # yum -y install bridge-utils
# brctl show
bridge name    bridge id        STP enabled    interfaces
docker0        8000.024288c640ef    no        veth5097b16
# ip link show #可以看到docker虚拟网卡信

在同一台服务器上启动两个容器

 # docker start 27403687efa0
# docker container run --name busybox3 -it ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-3
# 查看两个容器间基于nat的通信 
# docker exec -it busybox2 /bin/sh
/ # wget -O - -q http://172.17.0.5
<h1>www.ssjinyao.com</h1>

{User,Mount,Pid}, {User,Mount,Pid} —> 共享{UTS,Net,IPC}

让容器使用管理宿主机的网络名称空间

 # docker network inspect bridge

ip 名称空间管理

 # yum -y install iproute
# ip netns help
Usage: ip netns list
       ip netns add NAME
       ip netns set NAME NETNSID
       ip [-all] netns delete [NAME]
       ip netns identify [PID]
       ip netns pids NAME
       ip [-all] netns exec [NAME] cmd ...
       ip netns monitor
       ip netns list-id

 # ip netns add r1
# ip netns add r2
# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig -a
# ip link add name veth1.1 type veth peer name veth1.2
# ip link show | grep veth1
34: veth1.2@veth1.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
35: veth1.1@veth1.2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
# ip link set dev veth1.2 netns r1 # 将设veth1.2 称到名称空间r1 中
# ip netns exec  r1 ifconfig -a
lo: flags=8<LOOPBACK>  mtu 65536
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
 
veth1.2: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether da:2a:32:c9:1e:e2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
# ip netns exec r1 ip link set dev veth1.2 name eth0 # 将名称空间中的veth1.2更名为eth0
# ip netns exec  r1 ifconfig -a
eth0: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether da:2a:32:c9:1e:e2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
 
lo: flags=8<LOOPBACK>  mtu 65536
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
# ifconfig veth1.1 10.1.0.1/24 up # 激活网卡veth1.1
# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig eth0 10.1.0.2/24 up # 激活r1名称空间中的 eth0
# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.1.0.2  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.1.0.255
        inet6 fe80::d82a:32ff:fec9:1ee2  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether da:2a:32:c9:1e:e2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 8  bytes 648 (648.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 8  bytes 648 (648.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
 
# ping 10.1.0.2
PING 10.1.0.2 (10.1.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.1.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.945 ms
64 bytes from 10.1.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms
# ip link set dev veth1.1 netns r2 # 将 veth1.1 移到名称空间r2中
# ip netns exec r2 ifconfig veth1.1 10.1.0.3/24 up # 启用r2名称空间中的veth1.1
# ip netns exec r2 ping 10.1.0.2 # 在名称空间r2中ping 名称空间r1的eth0绑定的ip地址
PING 10.1.0.2 (10.1.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.1.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.214 ms
64 bytes from 10.1.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.080 ms
 
--rm  容器停止后，将容器删除
# docker run --name t1 -it --network bridge -h www.ssjinyao.com --rm busybox:latest
/ # hostname
www.ssjinyao.com
/ # ping www.ssjinyao.com
PING www.ssjinyao.com (172.17.0.6): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.17.0.6: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.094 ms
--- www.ssjinyao.com ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.094/0.094/0.094 ms
/ # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1    localhost
::1    localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0    ip6-localnet
ff00::0    ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1    ip6-allnodes
ff02::2    ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.6    www.ssjinyao.com www
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
search localdomain
nameserver 10.180.66.2

只要配置了正确的域名服务器，可以正解的解析

 / # nslookup -type=A nas.ssjinyao.com
Server:        10.180.66.2
Address:    10.180.66.2:53
 
Non-authoritative answer:
Name:    nas.ssjinyao.com
Address: 47.104.201.165

 # docker run --name t1 -it --network bridge -h www.ssjinyao.com --dns 114.114.114.114 --dns 8.8.8.8 --rm busybox:latest
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf
search localdomain
nameserver 114.114.114.114
nameserver 8.8.8.8
/ # hostname
www.ssjinyao.com
# docker run --name t1 -it --network bridge -h t1.ssjinyao.com --dns 114.114.114.114 --dns-search ssjinyao.com --add-host www.ssjinyao.com:1.1.1.1 --rm busybox:latest
/ # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1    localhost
::1    localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0    ip6-localnet
ff00::0    ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1    ip6-allnodes
ff02::2    ip6-allrouters
1.1.1.1    www.ssjinyao.com
172.17.0.6    t1.ssjinyao.com t1

将容器的端口进行暴露

 # docker run --name myweb --rm -p 80 ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-2
# docker container ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                       COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                   NAMES
97212485437e        ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-3   "/bin/httpd -f -h /d…"   4 minutes ago       Up 4 minutes        0.0.0.0:32773->80/tcp   myweb

Opening inbound communication

 -p 选项的使用格式
    -p <containerPort>
    将指定的容器端口映射至主机所有地址的一个动态端口;
    -p <hostPort>:<containerPort>
    将容器端口<containerPort>映射至指定的主机端口<hostPort>
    -p <ip>::<containerPort>
    将指定的容器端口<containerPort>映射至主机指定<ip>的端口<hostPort>

 # docker run --name myweb --rm -p 10.180.66.11:8080:80 ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-3
# docker port myweb
80/tcp -> 10.180.66.11:8080

Joined container(联盟式容器)

共享b1容器的网络

 # docker run --name b1 -it --rm busybox
# docker run --name b2 --network container:b1 -it --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02
          inet addr:172.17.0.2  Bcast:172.17.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:648 (648.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
 
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
 
/ # echo "Joined container" > /tmp/index.html
/ # httpd -h /tmp/
/ # netstat  -tnl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State
tcp        0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN
/ # wget -O - -q 127.0.0.1
Joined container

共享宿主机网络

 # docker run --name b2 --network host -it --rm busybox
/ #
/ # ifconfig
docker0   Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:88:C6:40:EF
          inet addr:172.17.0.1  Bcast:172.17.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::42:88ff:fec6:40ef/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:347 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:371 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:35796 (34.9 KiB)  TX bytes:40247 (39.3 KiB)
 
ens33     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:F8:70:D5
          inet addr:10.180.66.11  Bcast:10.180.66.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fef8:70d5/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:123421 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:39524 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:81346864 (77.5 MiB)  TX bytes:8253033 (7.8 MiB)
 
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:80 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:80 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
          RX bytes:6944 (6.7 KiB)  TX bytes:6944 (6.7 KiB)

更改docker0 桥的ip地址

 # vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
    "registry-mirrors":["https://registry.docker-cn.com"],
    "bip": "10.0.0.1/16",
    "hosts": ["tcp://0.0.0.0:2375","unix:///var/run/docker.sock"]
}
# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 10.0.255.255
        inet6 fe80::42:88ff:fec6:40ef  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 02:42:88:c6:40:ef  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 347  bytes 35796 (34.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 371  bytes 40247 (39.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
# docker -H 10.180.66.11:2375 image ls

创建网桥

 # docker network create -d bridge --subnet "172.26.0.0/16" --gateway "172.26.0.1" mbr0
# ifconfig
br-76b59a5dfce3: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.26.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.26.255.255
        ether 02:42:ea:15:d6:9e  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
# ip link set dev br-76b59a5dfce3 name docker1
RTNETLINK answers: Device or resource busy
# ifconfig br-76b59a5dfce3 down
# ifconfig docker1 up 
# ifconfig docker1 down  # 更改名称后默认docker 调用时会找不到docker1这个虚拟网卡
# ip link set dev docker1 name br-76b59a5dfce3
# docker run --name t1 -it --net mbr0 busybox:latest
/ # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:1A:00:02
          inet addr:172.26.0.2  Bcast:172.26.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:3 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:258 (258.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

自定义docker0桥的网络属性信息: /etc/docker/daemon.json文件

 {
    "bip": "192.168.1.5/24",
    "fixed-cidr": "10.20.0.0/16",
    "fixed-cidr-v6": "2001:db8::/64",
    "mtu": 1500,
    "default-gateway": "10.20.1.1",
    "default-gateway-v6": "2001:db8:abcd::89",
    "dns": ["10.20.1.2", "10.20.1.3"]

docker守护进程的C/S，其默认监听Unix SOcket格式的地址，/var/run/docker.sock;如果使用TCP套接字， /etc/docker/daemon.json:
“hosts”: [“tcp://0.0.0.0:2375”, “unix:///var/run/docker.sock”]

	# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
	# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
	# yum makecache
	# yum repolist
	# yum remove docker docker-common container-selinux docker-selinux docker-engine
	# yum install docker-ce

	环境配置文件:
	/etc/sysconfig/docker-network
	/etc/sysconfig/docker-storage
	/etc/sysconfig/docker
	Unit FIle:
	/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.serivce
	Docker Registry配置文件
	/etc/contalners/registries.conf
	docker-ce:
	配置文件:/etc/docker/daemon.json

	docker cn
	阿里云加速器
	中国科技大学
	{
	"registry-mirrors":["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
	}

	# mkdir /etc/docker
	# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
	{
	"registry-mirrors":["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
	}
	# systemctl start docker

	# docker version
	Client:
	Version: 18.06.1-ce
	API version: 1.38
	Go version: go1.10.3
	Git commit: e68fc7a
	Built: Tue Aug 21 17:23:03 2018
	OS/Arch: linux/amd64
	Experimental: false

	Server:
	Engine:
	Version: 18.06.1-ce
	API version: 1.38 (minimum version 1.12)
	Go version: go1.10.3
	Git commit: e68fc7a
	Built: Tue Aug 21 17:25:29 2018
	OS/Arch: linux/amd64
	Experimental: false
	# docker info

	docker search : 搜索镜像
	# docker search nginx
	docker pull: 下载镜像到本地
	# docker pull nginx:1.14-alpine-perl
	# docker pull busybox:latest
	# docker image pull nginx:1.14-alpine-perl
	# docker
	docker images: 列出本地镜像
	# docker images
	REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
	nginx 1.14-alpine-perl a47b6006585d 2 weeks ago 51.6MB
	busybox latest e1ddd7948a1c 8 weeks ago 1.16MB
	# docker image rm a47b6006585d # 删除镜像
	# docker images
	REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
	busybox latest e1ddd7948a1c 8 weeks ago 1.16MB
	# docker image ls --no-trunc # 列出完整image id信息
	REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
	nginx 1.14-alpine-perl sha256:a47b6006585d03b999ee55c6eec4331430fb2bcddb5ce8f76f294cc997482ca2 2 weeks ago 51.6MB
	busybox latest sha256:e1ddd7948a1c31709a23cc5b7dfe96e55fc364f90e1cebcde0773a1b5a30dcda 8 weeks ago 1.16MB
	# docker container ls # 列出所有容器
	# docker ps: 列出所有容器
	# docker images: 列出所有镜像
	# docker create: 创建新的container
	# docker start: Start one or more stopped contaners
	# docker run: Run a command in a new container
	# docker attacth: Attach to a running container
	# docker ps: List containers

	# docker run --name b2 -it busybox:latest
	/ #
	# docker run --name b1 -it busybox:latest
	/ # mkdir /data/www -p
	/ # vi /data/www/index.html
	<h1>www.ssjinyao.com</h1>
	/ # httpd -f -h /data/www/
	# docker inspect b1 # 查看 docker 容器的启动信息
	# 在另一个终端中访问 curl 172.17.0.2
	<h1>www.ssjinyao.com</h1>

	# docker ps -a
	CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
	57c80d23f0e5 busybox:latest "sh" 6 minutes ago Exited (130) 4 minutes ago b1
	# docker container start -i -a b1

	# docker run --name web1 -d nginx:1.14-alpine-perl
	# docker inspect web1
	# [root@ssjinyao-node1:~]# curl 172.17.0.2
	<!DOCTYPE html>
	<html>
	<head>
	<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
	<style>
	body {
	width: 35em;
	margin: 0 auto;
	font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
	}
	</style>
	</head>
	<body>
	<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
	<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
	working. Further configuration is required.</p>

	<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
	<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
	Commercial support is available at
	<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

	<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
	</body>
	</html>

	# docker exec -it kvstor1 /bin/sh
	/data # ps
	PID USER TIME COMMAND
	1 redis 0:00 redis-server
	12 root 0:00 /bin/sh
	16 root 0:00 ps

	维护用户帐户、镜像的校验以及公共命名空间的信息;
	相当于为Registry提相当于为Registry提供了一个完成用户认证等功能

	采用分层构建机制，最底层为bootfs,其之为rootfs
	bootfs: 用于系统引导的文件系统，包括bootloader和kernel，
	容器启动完成后会被卸载以节约内在资源
	rootfs: 位于bootfs之上，表现为docker容器的根文件系统:
	传统模式中，系统启动之时，内核挂载rootfs时会首先将其挂载为"只读"模式,
	完整性自检后将其重新挂载为读写模式;
	docker中,rootfs由内核挂载为"只读"模式，而后通过"联合挂载"技术额外提供一个可写层;

	# docker info # 可以看出前端用的文件系统是overlay2，而后端用的是xfs
	Storage Driver: overlay2
	Backing Filesystem: xfs

	由某特定的docker镜像的所有迭代版本组成的镜像仓库
	一个Registry中可能存在多个Repository
	Repository 可分为"顶层仓库" 和 "用户仓库"
	用户仓库名称格式为"用户名/仓库名"
	每个仓库可以包含多个Tag(标签)，每个标签对应一个镜像

	# docker container run --name busybox1 -it busybox
	WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
	/ #
	/ #
	/ # mkdir -p /data/html
	/ # echo "<h1>www.ssjinyao.com</h1>" > /data/html/index.html

	# docker commit -p busybox1
	# docker image ls
	REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
	<none> <none> d5ab408117c0 8 seconds ago 1.16MB
	redis 4-alpine db23f46600bc 2 weeks ago 30MB
	nginx 1.14-alpine-perl a47b6006585d 2 weeks ago 51.6MB
	busybox latest e1ddd7948a1c 2 months ago 1.16MB
	quay.io/coreos/flannel v0.10.0-amd64 f0fad859c909 8 months ago 44.6MB
	# 再给标签打标签
	# docker tag d5ab408117c0 ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1-1
	# docker image ls
	REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
	ssjinyao/httpd v0.1.1-1 d5ab408117c0 About a minute ago 1.16MB
	redis 4-alpine db23f46600bc 2 weeks ago 30MB
	nginx 1.14-alpine-perl a47b6006585d 2 weeks ago 51.6MB
	busybox latest e1ddd7948a1c 2 months ago 1.16MB
	quay.io/coreos/flannel v0.10.0-amd64 f0fad859c909 8 months ago 44.6MB
	# docker tag ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1-1 ssjinyao/httpd:latest
	# docker image ls
	REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
	ssjinyao/httpd latest d5ab408117c0 3 minutes ago 1.16MB
	ssjinyao/httpd v0.1.1-1 d5ab408117c0 3 minutes ago 1.16MB

	# docker image rm ssjinyao/httpd:latest
	Untagged: ssjinyao/httpd:latest
	# docker image ls
	REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
	ssjinyao/httpd v0.1.1-1 d5ab408117c0 5 minutes ago 1.16MB
	redis 4-alpine db23f46600bc 2 weeks ago 30MB
	nginx 1.14-alpine-perl a47b6006585d 2 weeks ago 51.6MB
	busybox latest e1ddd7948a1c 2 months ago 1.16MB
	quay.io/coreos/flannel v0.10.0-amd64 f0fad859c909 8 months ago 44.6MB
	# docker tag ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1-1 ssjinyao/httpd:latest
	# docker images
	REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
	ssjinyao/httpd latest d5ab408117c0 6 minutes ago 1.16MB
	ssjinyao/httpd v0.1.1-1 d5ab408117c0 6 minutes ago 1.16MB
	redis 4-alpine db23f46600bc 2 weeks ago 30MB
	nginx 1.14-alpine-perl a47b6006585d 2 weeks ago 51.6MB
	busybox latest e1ddd7948a1c 2 months ago 1.16MB
	quay.io/coreos/flannel v0.10.0-amd64 f0fad859c909 8 months ago 44.6MB

	# docker commit -a "ssjinyao" -c 'CMD ["/bin/httpd", "-f", "-h","/data/html"]' -p busybox1 ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-2
	# docker image ls
	REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
	ssjinyao/httpd v0.1.1.1-2 0ec8103a1bb2 53 seconds ago 1.16MB
	# docker run --name busybox2 ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-2 # 肯据创建的镜像启动容器

	# docker container ls
	CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
	27403687efa0 ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-2 "/bin/httpd -f -h /d…" 30 seconds ago Up 29 seconds busybox2
	6373ae374a7a redis:4-alpine "docker-entrypoint.s…" 4 days ago Up 4 days 6379/tcp kvstor1
	a5ffdd373b90 nginx:1.14-alpine-perl "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 4 days ago Up 4 days 80/tcp web1
	# docker inspect # 查看容器信息
	# curl 172.17.0.4
	<h1>www.ssjinyao.com</h1>

	# docker login -u ssjinyao
	Password:
	WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
	Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
	https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

	Login Succeeded

	# docker tag ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-2 registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/ssjinyao/httpd
	# docker logout
	Removing login credentials for https://index.docker.io/v1/

	# docker login --username=ssjinyao registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com
	Password:
	WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
	Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
	https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

	Login Succeeded
	# docker push registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/ssjinyao/httpd

	# docker save -o ssjinyao-busybox-image.gz ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-3 ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-2
	# 将镜像复制到另一台服务器
	# scp ssjinyao-busybox-image.gz root@node2:/root/
	ssjinyao-busybox-image.gz 100% 1370KB 23.8MB/s 00:00

docker笔记(一)

docker笔记(一)

Virtualization And Container

主机级虚拟化

Linux Namespaces

Control Groups(cGroups)

安装及使用docker

常用操作

容器使用

Docker 镜像的使用与管理

Docker Registry

镜像制作

虚拟化网络管理

	# docker load -i ssjinyao-busybox-image.gz
	f9d9e4e6e2f0: Loading layer 1.378MB/1.378MB
	e6baf59e35e7: Loading layer 4.608kB/4.608kB
	# docker image ls
	REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
	ssjinyao/httpd v0.1.1.1-3 cfa66f44c384 About an hour ago 1.16MB
	ssjinyao/httpd v0.1.1.1-2 3dc1b07020fd About an hour ago 1.16MB
	# docker run --name busybox ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-2
	# 再开启一个终端
	# # docker inspect busybox \| grep "IPAddress"
	"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
	"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
	"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
	# curl 172.17.0.2
	<h1>www.ssjinyao.com</h1>

	# yum -y install bridge-utils
	# brctl show
	bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
	docker0 8000.024288c640ef no veth5097b16
	# ip link show #可以看到docker虚拟网卡信

	# docker start 27403687efa0
	# docker container run --name busybox3 -it ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-3
	# 查看两个容器间基于nat的通信
	# docker exec -it busybox2 /bin/sh
	/ # wget -O - -q http://172.17.0.5
	<h1>www.ssjinyao.com</h1>

	# yum -y install iproute
	# ip netns help
	Usage: ip netns list
	ip netns add NAME
	ip netns set NAME NETNSID
	ip [-all] netns delete [NAME]
	ip netns identify [PID]
	ip netns pids NAME
	ip [-all] netns exec [NAME] cmd ...
	ip netns monitor
	ip netns list-id

	# ip netns add r1
	# ip netns add r2
	# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig -a
	# ip link add name veth1.1 type veth peer name veth1.2
	# ip link show \| grep veth1
	34: veth1.2@veth1.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
	35: veth1.1@veth1.2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
	# ip link set dev veth1.2 netns r1 # 将设veth1.2 称到名称空间r1 中
	# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig -a
	lo: flags=8<LOOPBACK> mtu 65536
	loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
	RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
	RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
	TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
	TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

	veth1.2: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
	ether da:2a:32:c9:1e:e2 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
	RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
	RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
	TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
	TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
	# ip netns exec r1 ip link set dev veth1.2 name eth0 # 将名称空间中的veth1.2更名为eth0
	# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig -a
	eth0: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
	ether da:2a:32:c9:1e:e2 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
	RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
	RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
	TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
	TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

	lo: flags=8<LOOPBACK> mtu 65536
	loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
	RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
	RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
	TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
	TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
	# ifconfig veth1.1 10.1.0.1/24 up # 激活网卡veth1.1
	# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig eth0 10.1.0.2/24 up # 激活r1名称空间中的 eth0
	# ip netns exec r1 ifconfig
	eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
	inet 10.1.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.1.0.255
	inet6 fe80::d82a:32ff:fec9:1ee2 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
	ether da:2a:32:c9:1e:e2 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
	RX packets 8 bytes 648 (648.0 B)
	RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
	TX packets 8 bytes 648 (648.0 B)
	TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

	# ping 10.1.0.2
	PING 10.1.0.2 (10.1.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
	64 bytes from 10.1.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.945 ms
	64 bytes from 10.1.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms
	# ip link set dev veth1.1 netns r2 # 将 veth1.1 移到名称空间r2中
	# ip netns exec r2 ifconfig veth1.1 10.1.0.3/24 up # 启用r2名称空间中的veth1.1
	# ip netns exec r2 ping 10.1.0.2 # 在名称空间r2中ping 名称空间r1的eth0绑定的ip地址
	PING 10.1.0.2 (10.1.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
	64 bytes from 10.1.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.214 ms
	64 bytes from 10.1.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.080 ms

	--rm 容器停止后，将容器删除
	# docker run --name t1 -it --network bridge -h www.ssjinyao.com --rm busybox:latest
	/ # hostname
	www.ssjinyao.com
	/ # ping www.ssjinyao.com
	PING www.ssjinyao.com (172.17.0.6): 56 data bytes
	64 bytes from 172.17.0.6: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.094 ms
	--- www.ssjinyao.com ping statistics ---
	1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
	round-trip min/avg/max = 0.094/0.094/0.094 ms
	/ # cat /etc/hosts
	127.0.0.1 localhost
	::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
	fe00::0 ip6-localnet
	ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
	ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
	ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
	172.17.0.6 www.ssjinyao.com www
	/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf
	# Generated by NetworkManager
	search localdomain
	nameserver 10.180.66.2

	/ # nslookup -type=A nas.ssjinyao.com
	Server: 10.180.66.2
	Address: 10.180.66.2:53

	Non-authoritative answer:
	Name: nas.ssjinyao.com
	Address: 47.104.201.165

	# docker run --name myweb --rm -p 80 ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-2
	# docker container ps
	CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
	97212485437e ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-3 "/bin/httpd -f -h /d…" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes 0.0.0.0:32773->80/tcp myweb

	-p 选项的使用格式
	-p <containerPort>
	将指定的容器端口映射至主机所有地址的一个动态端口;
	-p <hostPort>:<containerPort>
	将容器端口<containerPort>映射至指定的主机端口<hostPort>
	-p <ip>::<containerPort>
	将指定的容器端口<containerPort>映射至主机指定<ip>的端口<hostPort>

	# docker run --name myweb --rm -p 10.180.66.11:8080:80 ssjinyao/httpd:v0.1.1.1-3
	# docker port myweb
	80/tcp -> 10.180.66.11:8080

	# docker run --name b1 -it --rm busybox
	# docker run --name b2 --network container:b1 -it --rm busybox
	/ # ifconfig
	eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02
	inet addr:172.17.0.2 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
	UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
	RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
	TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
	collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
	RX bytes:648 (648.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

	lo Link encap:Local Loopback
	inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
	UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
	RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
	TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
	collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
	RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

	/ # echo "Joined container" > /tmp/index.html
	/ # httpd -h /tmp/
	/ # netstat -tnl
	Active Internet connections (only servers)
	Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
	tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN
	/ # wget -O - -q 127.0.0.1
	Joined container